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Anti-French sentiment in the United States
Anti-French sentiment in the United States is the manifestation of Francophobia by Americans. It signifies a consistent hostility toward the government, culture, and people of France that employs stereotypes. It has a strong relation with inner-American political conflicts, as French attitudes and status symbols were closely connected with parts of American elites and leaders.
==History of the Anti-French sentiment in the United States==
As with any xenophobia, Francophobia in the U.S. can be distinguished from ''rational'' criticism of France.〔Justin Vaïsse, "フランス語:Etats-Unis : le regain francophobe", フランス語:''Politique Internationale'', Autumn 2002 ().〕 However, the different concepts and use of 'rationality' per se are already of interest.〔See Drape, Air & Space Power Journal feature 2012, which used the af pun of Charles Krauthammer about nuclear weapons per se don't pose an existential threat, as it depends on the possessor - as by Great Britain or Russia, or France. Krauthammer declared, to great laughter, OK 'we’re not so sure about the French'.〕
The founding history of the United States was built on French support, during the American Revolution. Despite the positive view Jeffersonian Americans had of the French Revolution, it awakened or created anti-French feelings among many Federalists. An ideological split was already emerging between Francophobe and Francophile sentiment, with John Adams, Alexander Hamilton and their fellow Federalists taking a skeptical view of France, even as Thomas Jefferson and other Democratic-Republicans urged closer ties. As for the Revolution, many or most Federalists denounced it as far too radical and violent. Those on the Democratic-Republican side remained broadly supportive. Pierre Bourdieu and Stanley Hoffmann〔Pierre Bourdieu, フランス語:« Deux impérialismes de l'universel », in Christine Fauré and Tom Bishop, フランス語:''L'Amérique des Français'', Paris, F. Bourin, 1992 ; Stanley Hoffmann, フランス語:« Deux universalismes en conflit », ''The Tocqueville Review'', Vol.21 (1), 2000.〕 have suggested that one of the roots of anti-French sentiments in the United States (and anti-American sentiments in France) is the claim of both countries that their social and political systems are "models" that universally apply. France's alleged secularism was often something of an issue for the Americans. There are some similarities there to the Federalists' reaction to perceived French anti-clericalism.
In the 1790s, the French, under a new post-revolutionary government, accused the United States of collaborating with the British and proceeded to impound UK-bound U.S. merchant ships. Attempts at diplomacy led to the 1797 XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1801. Relations somewhat improved after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. American cultured classes embraced French styles and luxuries after the Civil War: Americans trained as architects in the フランス語:''École des Beaux-Arts'', French フランス語:''haute cuisine'' reigned at elite American tables, and upper-class women in the U.S. followed Parisian clothing fashions. Following World War I, a generation of rich American expatriates and bohemians settled in Paris. That did however not help with the populist image of a Liberal elite of American francophiles.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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